Impact of inclusion of post-spermatic ejaculate fraction in boar seminal doses on sperm metabolism, quality, and interaction with uterine fluid.

Boar ejaculate is composed of sperm cells and seminal plasma (SP) and is emitted in different fractions (pre-sperm fraction; spermatic-rich fraction; intermediate fraction; post-spermatic fraction), with different composition of SP and volume, which could influence the sperm quality during seminal doses preparation, conservation, and interaction with the female reproductive tract. In artificial insemination (AI) centers, seminal doses are usually prepared with the spermatic-rich and intermediate fractions, but the inclusion of other ejaculate fractions, although controversial, is beginning to be applied. The objective was to evaluate the synergic effect of accumulative ejaculated fractions on sperm functionality during seminal doses preparation, throughout storage and after incubation with uterine fluid (UF). For this purpose, a total of 57 ejaculates were collected, and the following experimental groups were prepared (n = 19 per group): (F1) spermatic-rich fraction; (F2) F1 plus intermediate fraction; (F3) F2 plus post-spermatic fraction. Each group was stored for 5 days at ∼16 °C, and the following parameters were evaluated: sperm metabolism of pure and diluted semen (day 1), sperm quality parameters (days 1, 3, 5), thermal-resistance test (TRT) and incubation with uterine fluid (UF) (day 5). Sperm metabolic rates between accumulative ejaculate fractions from pure and diluted semen did not show differences. Also, sperm quality parameters were not affected by the ejaculate fraction during storage. However, sperm subjected to TRT showed similar results except for progressive motility, which was better in F2 and F3 than F1. When sperm were incubated with UF, the quality decreased in each group, but sperm from F2 and F3 were less affected than those from F1. In conclusion, the post-spermatic fraction can be included in seminal doses for their use in AI-centers, with functionality of sperm of different SP origins not being impaired throughout the storage, and responding better to thermal and UF stress. However, further research in AI-centers is necessary to test the sperm behaviour under presented conditions.

Electropolishing Stainless Steel Optimization Using Surface Quality, Dimensional Accuracy, and Electrical Consumption Criteria.

Electropolishing (EP) processes require high electrical consumption that must be optimized to minimize production costs without sacrificing the objectives of surface quality and dimensional accuracy. The aim of the present paper was to analyze the effects of the interelectrode gap, initial surface roughness, electrolyte temperature, current density, and EP time on aspects of the EP process applied to AISI 316L stainless steel, which have not been examined in the literature, such as polishing rate, final surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, and electrical consumption cost. In addition, the paper aimed to obtain optimum individual and multi-objective considering criteria of surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and electrical consumption cost. The results showed that the electrode gap was not significant on the surface finish or current density, and the EP time was the parameter having the greatest effect on all criteria analyzed, with a temperature of 35 °C showing the best electrolyte performance. The initial surface texture with the lowest roughness Ra10 (0.5 ≤ Ra ≤ 0.8 µm) obtained the best results with a maximum polishing rate of ~90% and minimum final roughness (Ra) of ~0.035 µm. The response surface methodology showed the EP parameter effects and the optimum individual objective. The desirability function obtained the best global multi-objective optimum, while the overlapping contour plot provided optimum individual and simultaneous per polishing range.

Are weight or age limits for pediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasty? Results of a multicentric study.

INTRODUCTION: Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty is the technique of choice for the treatment of pyeloureteral junction obstruction (PUJO) with an excellent success rate. Minimally invasive surgery has become the standard of care for the management of PUJO in children. Although it has been comparable to the open approach at all levels, its diffusion or employment in younger children has not been widely adopted. Our aim is to evaluate laparoscopic pyeloplasty outcomes from international academic centers in children under 1 year of age, focusing on feasibility and outcomes including possible complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is review of consecutive infants under 1 year of age who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty between 2009 and 2018 with more than 12 months of follow-up. Seven different training centers with different backgrounds participated in this study. Evaluation was carried out with ultrasound and renogram before and after surgery. Demographic data, perioperative characteristics, complications, and results are described and analyzed. RESULTS: Over 9 years, 124 transperitoneal laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasties were performed on 123 children under 1 year of age; 88 males and 35 females, with 1 case of bilateral PUJO. Of the 124 renal units, 86 were left-sided. Mean age at surgery was 6.6 months (1 week-12 months), with 56% (n = 70) done before 6 months of age. Mean weight at surgery was 6.8 kg (3-12 kg), with 59% (n = 73) weighing less than 8 kg. Mean operative time (skin-to-skin) was 150 min (75-330 min). After a mean follow-up of 46 months (12-84 months), 12 (9%) patients developed complications, with only 1 needing a redo pyeloplasty also done laparoscopically. One child, with deterioration in renal function, underwent nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty under 1 year of age and/or less than 12 kilos is feasible with lower complication rate. Furthermore, age younger than 6 months and weight less than 8 kg are no longer limiting factors for a successful pyeloplasty as shown by this multicentre study.

Latitudes and attitudes: A multinational study of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children.

PURPOSE: The Anderson-Hynes technique has been the treatment of choice for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children. Laparoscopic approach has shown similar outcomes to open, with advantages of shorter hospital stay and less pain. We reviewed the experience of 11 geographically diverse, tertiary pediatric urology institutions focusing on the outcomes and complications of laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted evaluating patients undergoing Anderson-Hynes dismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Centers from four different continents participated. Demographic data, perioperative management, results, and complications are described. RESULTS: Over a 9-year period, 744 laparoscopic pyeloplasties were performed in 743 patients. Mean follow-up was 31 months (6-120m). Mean age at surgery was 82 months (1 w-19 y). Median operative time was 177 min. An internal stent was placed in 648 patients (87%). A catheter was placed for bladder drainage in 702 patients (94%). Conversion to open pyeloplasty was necessary in seven patients. Average length of hospital stay was 2.8 days. Mean time of analgesic requirement was 3.2 days. Complications, according to Clavien-Dindo classification, were observed in 56 patients (7.5%); 10 (1%) were Clavien-Dindo IIIb. Treatment failure occurred in 35 cases with 30 requiring redo pyeloplasty (4%) and 5 cases requiring nephrectomy (0.6%). CONCLUSION: We have described the laparoscopic pyeloplasty experience of institutions with diverse cultural and economic backgrounds. They had very similar outcomes, in agreement with previously published data. Based on these findings, we conclude that laparoscopic pyeloplasty is safe and successful in diverse geographics areas of the world.

Laparoscopic and robot-assisted ureterocalicostomy for treatment of primary and recurrent pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in children: a multicenter comparative study with laparoscopic and robot-assisted Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty.

PURPOSE: This multi-institutional study aimed to assess the outcomes of laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy (LUC) and robot-assisted laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy (RALUC) and compare them with laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) in children with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). METHODS: The data of 130 patients (80 boys), with median age 7.6 years and median weight 33.8 kg, receiving minimally invasive treatment of PUJO over a 6-year period, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped according to the operative approach: G1 included 15 patients, receiving LUC (n = 9) and RALUC (n = 6), and G2 included 115 patients, receiving LP (n = 30) and RALP (n = 85). Patient characteristics and operative outcomes were compared in both groups. RESULTS: The median patient age and weight were significantly higher in G1 than in G2 [p = 0.001]. The median operative time was similar in both groups (157.6 vs 150.1 min) [p = 0.66] whereas the median anastomotic time was shorter in G1 than in G2 (59.5 vs 83.1 min) [p = 0.03]. The surgical success rate was similar in both groups (100% vs 97.4%) [p = 0.33]. Post-operative complications rate was higher in G1 than in G2 (20% vs 6.1%) but all G1 complications were Clavien 2 and did not require re-intervention. CONCLUSION: LUC/RALUC can be considered safe and effective alternative approaches to LP/RALP for PUJO repair and reported excellent outcomes as primary and salvage procedures. Robot-assisted technique was the preferred option to treat most patients with recurrent PUJO in both groups.

Relación del desayuno con el rendimiento académico en escolares rurales de primaria / Relationship of breakfast with academic performance in rural primary school children

Fundamentos: Un déficit nutricional durante la infancia puede afectar a este desarrollo del bienestargeneral. El desayuno ha sido reconocido como la comida más importante del día particularmente durante lainfancia, relacionándose con un mayor efecto en el rendimiento estudiantil. El objetivo fue analizar la relacióndel desayuno con el rendimiento académico en escolares de Educación Primaria.Métodos: Estudio transversal compuesto por 181 escolares rurales (8,75 ± 1,79 años) de Fuerteventura. Losítems referidos al desayuno fueron extraídos del test KIDMED. El rendimiento académico se calculó a travésde la calificación media en las asignaturas descritas en el Real Decreto (126/2014).Resultados: la prueba de regresión logística multivariante mostró que la ingesta de un lácteo en el desayunose asociaba con una mayor puntuación en la asignatura de Inglés (p<0,017). Asimismo, no desayunar bolleríaindustrial se asociaba con una mayor puntuación en la asignatura de Lengua Castellana y Literatura (p<0,003)y Matemáticas (p <0,017).Conclusiones: La ingesta de un desayuno saludable puede incidir en el rendimiento académico deasignaturas troncales como Inglés, Lengua Castellana y Literatura y Matemáticas en escolares rurales deEducación Primaria. (AU)

Background: A nutritional deficit during childhood can affect this development of general well-being.Breakfast has been recognized as the most important meal of the day, particularly during childhood, beingrelated to a greater effect on student achievement. The objective was to analyze the relationship betweenbreakfast and academic performance in Primary School students.Methods: cross-sectional study of 181 rural schoolchildren (8.75 ± 1.79 years) from Fuerteventura. Breakfastitems were extracted from the KIDMED test. Academic performance was calculated through the averagegrade in the subjects described in the Royal Decree (126/2014).Results: Multivariate logistic regression test showed that eating a dairy product at breakfast was associatedwith a higher score in English (p<0.017). Similarly, not eating pastries for breakfast was associated with higherscores in Spanish Language and Literature (p<0.003) and Mathematics (p<0.017).Conclusions: Eating a healthy breakfast can have an impact on academic performance in core subjects suchas English, Spanish Language and Literature and Mathematics in rural primary schoolchildren. (AU)

Should All Fractions of the Boar Ejaculate Be Prepared for Insemination Rather Than Using the Sperm Rich Only?

Boar ejaculate is released in several well-characterized fractions, differing in terms of sperm concentration, seminal plasma volume, and composition. However, the inclusion of the last part of the ejaculate for artificial insemination (AI) purposes is still under debate due to its controversial effects. Thus, there is a need to study the potential synergistic impact of the different ejaculate fractions. We aimed to evaluate the effect of accumulative ejaculate fractions on sperm conservation, AI performance, and offspring health. Ejaculates (n = 51) were collected and distributed as follows: F1: sperm-rich fraction; F2: sperm-rich + intermediate fractions; F3: sperm-rich + intermediate + poor fractions. Each group was diluted in a commercial extender, packaged in seminal doses (2000 × 106 sperm/60 mL), and stored at ~16 °C. On day 3 of conservation, sperm were analyzed and used for AI (n = 174). High sperm quality was observed after storage without a significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, no differences were obtained for AI performance (pregnancy and farrowing rates, and litter size; p > 0.05) and offspring health (growth and blood analysis; p > 0.05). Conclusively, the presence of all ejaculate fractions within the seminal doses does not impair the reproductive performance, reporting important economic savings according to the economic model included here.

Impacto de la evaluación formativa en el estado de peso y calidad de la dieta en escolares de primaria / mpact of formative assessment on weight status and dietary quality in primary schoolchildren

La evaluación formativa es considerada el motor del aprendizaje. Por tanto, el objetivo fue analizar la relación existente entre el estado de peso y la calidad de la dieta con la evaluación formativa del docente de Educación Física. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una muestra de 122 escolares. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: desempeño docente asociado a las prácticas evaluativas formativas y el cuestionario KIDMED. Por su parte, el estado nutricional se valoró mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal (kg/m2). El análisis diferencial no mostró diferencias significativas en las prácticas evaluativas formativas considerando el estado de peso (p ≥ 0,05), la calidad de la dieta (p ≥ 0,05) o la interacción de ambos (p ≥ 0,05). Por su parte, el análisis de correlaciones bivariadas o parciales no arrojaron ninguna relación significativa entre el Índice de Masa Corporal y la puntuación media de la calidad de la dieta con las prácticas evaluativas formativas (p ≥ 0,05) a excepción de la evaluación formativa proactiva y la calidad de la dieta (p < 0,05). Asimismo, el análisis de regresión multivariado detecto que estar en normopeso o sobrecarga ponderal y tener una calidad de la dieta óptima se asocia con una mayor probabilidad de tener una evaluación formativa proactiva (R2 = 0.155; p < 0.05). En conclusión, la práctica evaluativa del docente de Educación Física no parece estar relacionada con el estado de peso o la calidad de la dieta; a excepción de la evaluación proactiva. (AU)

Formative assessment is considered to be the engine of learning. Therefore, the aim was to analyse the relationship between weight status and diet quality with the formative assessment of the physical education teacher. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on a sample of 122 schoolchildren. Two questionnaires were used: teacher performance associated with formative evaluation practices and the KIDMED questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (kg/m2). The differential analysis showed no significantdifferences in formative evaluative practices considering weight status (p ≥ 0,05), diet quality (p ≥ 0,05) or the interaction of both (p ≥ 0,05). Bivariate or partial correlations analysis showed no significant relationship between Body Mass Index and mean diet quality score with formative assessment practices (p ≥ 0,05) with the exception of proactive formative assessment and diet quality (p < 0,05). Also, multivariate regression analysis found that being normal weight or overweight and having optimal diet quality were associated with a higher likelihood of having a proactive formative assessment (R2 = 0.155; p < 0,05). In conclusion, PE teacher's assessment practice does not appear to be related to weight status or diet quality; with the exception of proactive assessment. (AU)

Relevance of the Ejaculate Fraction and Dilution Method on Boar Sperm Quality during Processing and Conservation of Seminal Doses.

During boar semen processing and distribution, maximizing the work protocols in the laboratories becomes essential for the conservation of seminal doses. One of the recent implementations in the boar studs to improve efficiency has been semi-automatic semen collection systems, which do not allow to discard fractions of the ejaculate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the dilution method and vibrations (simulating delivery transport) effect on sperm quality (motility, viability, morphology, thermo-resistance test) according to the fraction of ejaculate collected. Two different fractions of the ejaculate were obtained [rich fraction (RF); total fractions (TF)] from six boars, and two dilution methods applied [pouring the extender over the semen (control; ES); pouring the semen over the extender (reverse; SE)]. The seminal doses (2000 × 106 sperm/50 mL) were preserved for 5 days. The results showed that the fraction collected affects sperm quality (better total and progressive motility, and faster sperm in TF; p < 0.05) regardless of the dilution method applied. However, these differences diminished after submitting the semen to the thermo-resistance test, with only differences in sperm viability being observed (p < 0.05). When seminal doses were subjected to vibrations, the sperm viability was more affected in the TF than in the RF group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, using the TF ejaculate leads to comparable results to the RF in sperm quality during storage regardless of the dilution method applied. However, the vibrations of seminal doses are more affected in doses prepared with TF than with RF, although more factors should be included to approach the real conditions during transport.

Tipo de desayuno según el nivel de condición física y calidad de vida en escolares de primaria: el rol moderador del estado de peso y la actividad física / Tipo de desjejum de acordo com o nível de condição física e qualidade de vida em escolares do ensino fundamental: o papel moderador do peso e da atividade física / Type of breakfast according to level of physical fitness and quality of life in primary students: the moderator role of weight status and physical activity

Objetivo: Analizar el tipo de desayuno según el nivel de condición física y calidad de vida en escolares de Educación Primaria observando el efecto moderador del estado de peso y la actividad física en estas relaciones.Métodos: Estudio transversal compuesto por 281 escolares españoles. Se valoró la Calidad de vida mediante el test KIDSCREEN-10, la condición física a través de la batería ALPHA-Fitness y los ítems del desayuno mediante el KIDMED.Resultados: La prueba de regresión logit asocia una mayor condición física general y algunas de sus dimensiones con la ingesta de un desayuno (p < 0,05). Una menor condición física y mayor calidad de vida se asocia con desayunar bolleria industrial (p < 0,05), sin embargo, tras ajustar al estado de peso y actividad física estas diferencias desaparecen (p > 0,05).Conclusión: La relación entre el nivel de condición física y la calidad de vida con un desayuno no saludable parece estar moderada por el estado de peso y actividad física en escolares. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the type of breakfast according to the level of physical condition and quality of life in primary school students, observing the mediating effect of weight status and physical activity in these relationships.Methods: Cross-sectional study made up of 281 Spanish schoolchildren. Quality of life was assessed using the KIDSCREEN-10 test, physical condition using the ALPHA-Fitness battery and the breakfast items using the KIDMED.Results: The logit regression test associates a greater general physical condition and some of its dimensions with the intake of a breakfast (p <0.05). Lower physical condition and higher quality of life are associated with having industrial pastries for breakfast (p <0.05), however, after adjusting for weight status and physical activity, these differences disappear (p> 0.05).Conclusion: The relationship between the level of physical condition and the quality of life with an unhealthy breakfast seems to be moderated by the state of weight and physical activity in schoolchildren. (AU)

Objectivo: analisar o tipo de pequeno-almoço de acordo com o nível de condição física e qualidade de vida das crianças da escola primária, observando o efeito moderador do estado de peso e da actividade física sobre estas relações.Métodos: estudo transversal de 281 crianças espanholas em idade escolar. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada por meio do teste KIDSCREEN-10, a aptidão física por meio da bateria ALPHA-Fitness e os artigos de pequeno-almoço por meio do KIDMED.Resultados: o teste de regressão logit associou uma condição física geral mais elevada e algumas das suas dimensões à ingestão ao pequeno-almoço (p < 0,05). Uma condição física mais baixa e uma maior qualidade de vida estava associada a comer o pequeno-almoço industrial de padaria (p < 0,05), contudo, após o ajustamento para o estado de peso e actividade física, estas diferenças desapareceram (p > 0,05).Conclusão: a relação entre o nível de aptidão física e a qualidade de vida com um pequeno-almoço pouco saudável parece ser moderada pelo estado de peso e pela actividade física das crianças em idade escolar. (AU)

Percepción de soledad, felicidad y salud, y calidad de la dieta. El rol moderador del estado ponderal / Perception of loneliness, happiness, and health, and quality of diet. The moderator role of weight status

Objetivo: determinar la relación existente entre la percepción de soledad, felicidad y salud, y la calidad de la dieta, observando el rol moderador del estado ponderal en escolares de primaria durante el estado de alarma decretado por la COVID-19. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal de una mues­tra de 116 escolares españoles. Las percepciones de soledad, felicidad y salud se valoraron mediante tres ítems del cuestionario Health Behavior in School-aged Children. La calidad de la dieta mediterránea se valoró a través del cuestionario Índice de calidad de la dieta mediterránea en niños y adolescentes. Las variables antropométricas se recogieron a través de un cuestionario autoinformado y para el cálculo del índice de masa corporal se empleó el índice de Quetelet (kg/m2). Resultados: el análisis descriptivo no mostró diferencias en la percepción de soledad, felicidad y salud, la calidad de la dieta, y las variables antropométricas (p > 0,005), a excepción del peso (p < 0,005), según el sexo. El análisis inferencial mostró que los valores más elevados en la calidad de la dieta se correlacionan con valores más altos en la percepción de felicidad y de salud (p < 0,005). Por su parte, la prueba de la regresión lineal mostró asociación entre la calidad de la dieta y la percepción de felicidad tras ajustarse el modelo al normopeso (R2 = 0,382; p < 0,005). Asimismo, mostró una asociación significativa entre la calidad de la dieta y la percepción de salud tras ajustarse el modelo a los escolares con sobrepeso (R2 = 0,455; p < 0,005). Conclusión: la asociación entre la percepción de salud y de felicidad con la calidad de la dieta parece estar moderada por el estado del peso. (AU)

Aim: to determine the relationship between perceived loneliness, happiness, and health, and quality of diet, observing the moderator role of weight status in elementary school children during the state of alarm decreed for COVID-19. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of 116 Spanish schoolchildren. The perception of loneliness, happiness, and health was assessed using three items of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. The quality of their Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index quetsionnaire for children and adolescents. Anthropometric variables were collected through a self-reported questionnaire, and for the calculation of body mass index the Quetelet index (kg/m2) was used. Results: the descriptive analysis showed no differences in the perception of loneliness, happiness, or health, quality of diet, or anthropometric variables (p > 0.005), except for weight (p < 0.005), according to sex. The inferential analysis showed that higher values in quality of diet are correlated with higher scores in perceived happiness and health (p < 0.005). In turn, the linear regression test showed an association between quality of diet and perception of happiness after the model was adjusted for normal weight (R2 = 0.382; p < 0.005). Likewise, it showed a significant association between quality of diet and perception of health after the model was adjusted for overweight schoolchildren (R2 = 0.455; p < 0.005). Conclusion: the association between perceived health and happiness with quality of diet seems to be moderated by weight. (AU)

[Perception of loneliness, happiness, and health, and quality of diet. The moderator role of weight status]. / Percepción de soledad, felicidad y salud, y calidad de la dieta. El rol moderador del estado ponderal.

INTRODUCTION: Aim: to determine the relationship between perceived loneliness, happiness, and health, and quality of diet, observing the moderator role of weight status in elementary school children during the state of alarm decreed for COVID-19. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of 116 Spanish schoolchildren. The perception of loneliness, happiness, and health was assessed using three items of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. The quality of their Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index quetsionnaire for children and adolescents. Anthropometric variables were collected through a self-reported questionnaire, and for the calculation of body mass index the Quetelet index (kg/m2) was used. Results: the descriptive analysis showed no differences in the perception of loneliness, happiness, or health, quality of diet, or anthropometric variables (p > 0.005), except for weight (p < 0.005), according to sex. The inferential analysis showed that higher values in quality of diet are correlated with higher scores in perceived happiness and health (p < 0.005). In turn, the linear regression test showed an association between quality of diet and perception of happiness after the model was adjusted for normal weight (R2 = 0.382; p < 0.005). Likewise, it showed a significant association between quality of diet and perception of health after the model was adjusted for overweight schoolchildren (R2 = 0.455; p < 0.005). Conclusion: the association between perceived health and happiness with quality of diet seems to be moderated by weight status.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: determinar la relación existente entre la percepción de soledad, felicidad y salud, y la calidad de la dieta, observando el rol moderador del estado ponderal en escolares de primaria durante el estado de alarma decretado por la COVID-19. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal de una muestra de 116 escolares españoles. Las percepciones de soledad, felicidad y salud se valoraron mediante tres ítems del cuestionario Health Behavior in School-aged Children. La calidad de la dieta mediterránea se valoró a través del cuestionario Índice de calidad de la dieta mediterránea en niños y adolescentes. Las variables antropométricas se recogieron a través de un cuestionario autoinformado y para el cálculo del índice de masa corporal se empleó el índice de Quetelet (kg/m2). Resultados: el análisis descriptivo no mostró diferencias en la percepción de soledad, felicidad y salud, la calidad de la dieta, y las variables antropométricas (p > 0,005), a excepción del peso (p < 0,005), según el sexo. El análisis inferencial mostró que los valores más elevados en la calidad de la dieta se correlacionan con valores más altos en la percepción de felicidad y de salud (p < 0,005). Por su parte, la prueba de la regresión lineal mostró asociación entre la calidad de la dieta y la percepción de felicidad tras ajustarse el modelo al normopeso (R2 = 0,382; p < 0,005). Asimismo, mostró una asociación significativa entre la calidad de la dieta y la percepción de salud tras ajustarse el modelo a los escolares con sobrepeso (R2 = 0,455; p < 0,005). Conclusión: la asociación entre la percepción de salud y de felicidad con la calidad de la dieta parece estar moderada por el estado del peso.

Hydronephrosis Classifications: Has UTD Overtaken APD and SFU? A Worldwide Survey.

Objective: To collect baseline information on the ultrasonographic reporting preferences. Method: A 13-multiple choice questionnaire was designed and distributed worldwide among pediatric urologists, pediatric surgeons, and urologists. The statistical analysis of the survey data consisted of 3 steps: a univariate analysis, a bivariate and a multivariate analysis. Results: Three hundred eighty participants responded from all the continents. The bivariate analysis showed the significant differences in the geographical area, the years of experience and the volume of cases. Most of the physicians prefer the SFU and APD systems because of familiarity and simplicity (37 and 34%, respectively). Respondents noted that their imaging providers most often report findings utilizing the mild-moderate-severe system or the APD measurements (28 and 39%, respectively) except for North America (SFU in 50%). Multivariate analysis did not provide significant differences. Conclusion: Our study evaluates the opinions regarding the various pediatric hydronephrosis classification systems from a large number of specialists and demonstrates that there is no single preferred grading system. The greatest reported shortcoming of all the systems was the lack of universal utilization. The observations taken from this study may serve as basis for the construction of a common worldwide system. As APD and SFU are the preferred systems and the UTD a newer combination of both, it is possible that with time, UTD may become the universal language for reporting hydronephrosis. This time, based on the result of this survey, seems not arrived yet.

Diferencias en la calidad de la dieta de escolares españoles de educación primaria de entornos rurales y urbanos / Differences in the quality of the diet of spanish primary school students from rural and urban settings

Fundamentos: La literatura científica informa de un importante descenso en los niveles de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en las primeras etapas de la vida. El objetivo fue analizar las diferencias en la dieta mediterránea en función del contexto poblacional (rural y urbano). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con526 escolares españoles de 6-13 años seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional procedentesde Murcia y la isla de Fuerteventura. Después de recibir el consentimiento informado por parte de los centros educativos y de los padres/tutores legales, se valoró la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea a través del cuestionario KIDMED. El análisis estadístico ha sido llevado a cabo a través de tablas de contingencia y la prueba One-way ANOVA. Ambas pruebas se realizaron mediante el programa estadístico IBM SPSS24.0 estableciéndose la significación en 0,05.Resultados: Los varones de entorno urbano presentan mejor puntuación media en calidad de la dieta (CD) en 1º y 2º curso (p < 0,015) respecto a los escolares de entorno rural. Porsu parte, las mujeres de entorno urbano tienen mejor puntuación media en CD en 1º y 2º curso (p < 0,010) y, 5º y 6º de primaria respecto a las escolares de entorno rural (p < 0,045). Considerando el total, los escolares con un entorno urbano presentan mayor CD alta (p < 0,029) y CD Total (p < 0,001)que aquellos que viven en un entorno rural.Conclusiones: Los escolares de educación primaria que viven en entornos urbanos presentan una mejor calidad de la dieta que los escolares que viven en entornos rurales. (AU)

Background: The scientific literature reports a significant decrease in the levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the early stages of life. The objective was to analyze the differences in the Mediterranean diet depending on the population context (rural and urban). Methods: Descriptive-cross sectional study carried out with 526 Spanish schoolchildren aged 6-13 years selected through intentional non-probability sampling from Murcia and the island of Fuerteventura. After receiving informed consent from schools and parents/legal guardians, adherence to theMediterranean diet was assessed through the KIDMED questionnaire. Statistical analysis has been carried out using contingency tables and the T test for independent samples. Both tests were performed using the IBM SPSS 24.0 statistical program, with significance set at 0.05. Results: Boys from urban settings present better mean score in quality of diet (QD) in 1st and 2nd grade (p < 0.015)compared to schoolchildren in rural settings. On the other hand, women from urban settings have a better mean score on QD in 1st and 2nd grade (p < 0.010) and, 5th and 6th grade ofelementary school compared to rural schoolgirls (p < 0.045). Considering the total, schoolchildren with an urban environment present higher high CD (p < 0.029) and total QD (p < 0.001) than those who live in a rural environment. Conclusions: Primary school students living in urban settings present a better quality of diet than schoolchildrenliving in rural settings. (AU)

In vivo measurement of pH and CO2 levels in the uterus of sows through the estrous cycle and after insemination.

The pH-CO2-HCO3- system is a ubiquitous biological regulator with important functional implications for reproduction. Knowledge of the physiological values of its components is relevant for reproductive biology and the optimization of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). However, in situ measurements of these parameters in the uterus are scarce or null. This study describes a non-invasive method for in situ time-lapse recording of pH and CO2 within the uterus of non-anesthetized sows. Animals were at three different reproductive conditions, estrous with no insemination and two hours after insemination, and diestrous. From pH and CO2 data, HCO3- concentration was estimated. The non-invasive approach to the porcine uterus with novel optical probes allowed the obtaining of in situ physiological values of pH, CO2, and HCO3-. Variable oscillatory patterns of pH, CO2 and HCO3- were found independently of the estrous condition. Insemination did not immediately change the levels of uterine pH, CO2 (%) and HCO3- concentration, but all the values were affected by the estrous cycle decreasing significantly at diestrous condition. This study contributes to a better understanding of the in vivo regulation of the pH-CO2-HCO3- system in the uterus and may help to optimize the protocols of sperm treatment for in vitro fertilization.

Nivel de ansiedad según el tipo de desayuno en escolares durante el estado de alarma por la COVID-19 en España / Anxiety level and breakfast type in schoolchildren during the COVID-19 state of alarm in Spain

Introducción: El desayuno suscita un considerable interés científico como posible parámetro relacionado con el estilo de vida. Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de ansiedad según el tipo de desayuno en escolares de Educación Primaria durante el estado de alarma decretado en España a causa de la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal compuesto por 116 escolares de la Isla de Fuerteventura. Se valoró la ansiedad a través del cuestionario Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS). Los ítems referidos al desayuno fueron extraídos del test de Adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea KIDMED. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron el análisis de varianza simple (one way ANOVA) y la prueba de regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: La ingesta de un cereal se asocia con una menor probabilidad de desarrollar ataques de pánico y agorafobia (OR = 1,14, p < 0,01), fobia social (OR = 0,71, p < 0,05), trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (OR = 1,22, p < 0,05) e índice ansiedad global (OR = 1,05, p < 0,05). Asimismo, no desayunar bollería habitualmente se asoció con una menor probabilidad de desarrollar un trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (OR = 1,13; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Una calidad del desayuno óptima, como consumir cereales saludables y no consumir bollería industrial, se asocia con menores niveles de ansiedad en escolares de Educación Primaria durante el estado de alarma decretado en España a causa de la COVID-19(AU)

Introduction: Breakfast arouses considerable scientific interest as a potential lifestyle parameter. Objective: Analyze the relationship between anxiety levels and breakfast type in schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 116 schoolchildren from the Isle of Fuerteventura. Anxiety was evaluated with the Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS) questionnaire. Items about breakfast were taken from the KIDMED Test of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Statistical processing was based on one way ANOVA and the multivariate logistic regression test. Results: Intake of a cereal is associated to a lesser probability of developing agoraphobia and panic attacks (OR = 1.14, p < 0.01), social phobia (OR = 0.71, p < 0.05), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 1.22, p < 0.05) and overall anxiety index (OR = 1.05, p < 0.05). On the other hand, not having pastry for breakfast habitually was associated to a lesser probability of developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 1.13; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Optimum breakfast quality, such as eating healthy cereals and not eating industrial pastries, is associated to lower levels of anxiety in schoolchildren during the state of alarm decreed in Spain due to the COVID-19 pandemic(AU)

Imagen corporal, variables antropométricas y ansiedad en escolares de primaria / Body image, anthropometric variables and anxiety in primary school students

La imposición de un modelo estético en las sociedades actuales genera insatisfacción con el propio cuerpo. Esta situación puede agravarse durante la pandemia y en edades tempranas. Objetivo: determinar la relación existente entre el grado de satisfacción con la imagen corporal, variables antropométricas e índice de ansiedad en escolares de primaria durante el estado de alarma decretado a causa de la COVID-19. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado el 23 de marzo de 2020 el cual está compuesto con una mues¬tra de 116 escolares españoles de Educación Primaria con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 8 y 12 años. El índice de ansiedad se valoró mediante el cuestionario Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS). El grado de satisfacción con la imagen corporal se valoró mediante un ítem del cuestionario Health Behavior in School-aged Children (2009). Resultados: el análisis descriptivo mostró que las mujeres presentan un mayor porcentaje de satisfacción con la imagen corporal menor (p < 0.005), una mayor ansiedad (p < 0.005) y un menor peso (p < 0.005) respecto a los varones. La prueba de regresión lineal mostró una asociación entre el grado de satisfacción con la imagen corporal con la edad, el peso, el IMC y el índice de ansiedad con un valor de R2 = 0,293. Conclusión: el grado de satisfacción con la imagen corporal se asocia con variables antropométricas y ansiedad en las mujeres pero no en varones escolares de Primaria(AU)

The imposition of an aesthetic model in current societies generates dissatisfaction with the body itself. This situation can be aggravated during the pandemic and at an early age. Objective: to determine the relationship between the degrees of satisfaction with body image, anthropometric variables and anxiety index in primary school children during the state of alarm decreed due to COVID-19. Material and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 23 March 2020 and consisted of a sample of 116 Spanish primary schoolchildren aged between 8 and 12 years. The anxiety index was assessed using the Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS) questionnaire. The degree of satisfaction with body image was assessed using an item from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire (2009). Results: the descriptive analysis showed that women have a lower percentage of satisfaction with body image (p <0.005), higher anxiety (p <0.005) and lower weight (p <0.005) compared to men. Likewise, the linear regression test showed an association between the degree of satisfaction with body image with age, weight, BMI and the anxiety index with a value of R2 = 0.293. Conclusion: the degree of satisfaction with body image is associated with anthropometric variables and anxiety in women but not in primary school boys(AU)

Impacto clínico del PET/TC Ga68-DOTATOC en tumores de origen neuroendocrino. Experiencia preliminar / Clinical impact of Ga68-DOTATOC PET/CT on neuroendocrine tumors. A preliminary experience

El PET/TC Ga68-DOTATOC es una técnica de diagnóstico por la imagen, de reciente introducción en nuestro medio, para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de tumores neuroendocrinos. Estudio observacional prospectivo de 7 pacientes a quienes se les realizó un estudio PET/TC Ga68-DOTATOC. Los pacientes tenían sospecha de lesiones tumorales neuroendocrinas activas, en diagnóstico inicial o con posible recidiva y/o progresión de tumores ya conocidos. Los resultados de los estudios de imagen realizados previamente (RM, TC toracoabdominal, octreotida...) habían sido negativos o no concluyentes. Todos los PET Ga68-DOTATOC positivos fueron verdaderos positivos, confirmándose por anatomía patológica. No se obtuvieron resultados falsos positivos. Solo se obtuvo un falso negativo. PET/TC Ga68-DOTATOC es más sensible y específico en la detección de lesiones tumorales primarias neuroendocrinas, permite un estudio de extensión más completo y detecta recidivas en estadios más precoces, condicionando cambios en la estadificación y el tratamiento quirúrgico. Aporta información adicional sobre la sobreexpresión de receptores de somatostatina, esencial para la indicación de PRRT (terapia con péptidos marcados con radionúclidos) con Lu177-Dotatate

Ga-68-DOTATOC PET/CT is a recently introduced imaging technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuroendocrine tumors. A prospective observational study was conducted in seven patients who underwent a Ga-68-DOTATOC PET/CT study. They were suspected of active neuroendocrine tumor lesions, either on initial diagnosis or as a possible recurrence and/or progression of already known tumors. The results of prior imaging studies (MRI, thoracoabdominal CT scan, octreotide...), had been negative or inconclusive. All positive Ga-68-DOTATOC PETs were true positives, confirmed by pathological examination. There were no false positive results. Only one false negative result was found. Ga-68-DOTATOC PET/CC is more sensitive and specific for the detection of primary neuroendocrine tumor lesions, allows for a more complete extension study, and detects recurrences in earlier stages, conditioning changes in staging and surgical treatment. It provides additional information on somatostatin receptor overexpression, which is essential for the indication of PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) with Lu177 dotatate